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基于CMake的构建系统被组织为一组高级逻辑目标。每个目标对应于一个可执行文件或库,或者是一个包含自定义命令的自定义目标。目标之间的依赖关系在buildsystem中表示,以确定生成顺序和响应更改的重新生成规则。
可执行文件和库是使用 和命令定义的。生成的二进制文件具有针对目标平台的适当前缀、后缀和扩展名。二进制目标之间的依赖关系使用命令表示:
add_library(archive archive.cpp zip.cpp lzma.cpp)add_executable(zipapp zipapp.cpp)target_link_libraries(zipapp archive)
archive
文件被定义为一个静态库——一个包含从中编译的对象的archive
文件archive
.cpp, zip.cpp,和lzma.cpp。 zipapp被定义为通过编译和链接Zipap.cpp形成的可执行文件. 链接zipapp可执行文件时,将链接archive
静态库。
命令定义可执行目标:
add_executable(mytool mytool.cpp)
诸如 之类的命令可以透明地将 目标用作命令(COMMAND
)可执行文件,该命令生成在生成时运行的规则。buildsystem规则将确保在尝试运行命令之前生成可执行文件。
By default, the command defines a STATIC
library, unless a type is specified. A type may be specified when using the command:
默认情况下,命令定义静态库,除非指定了类型。使用命令时可以指定类型:
add_library(archive SHARED archive.cpp zip.cpp lzma.cpp)
add_library(archive STATIC archive.cpp zip.cpp lzma.cpp)
默认情况下,可以启用 变量来更改的行为以生成共享库。
In the context of the buildsystem definition as a whole, it is largely irrelevant whether particular libraries are SHARED
or STATIC
-- the commands, dependency specifications and other APIs work similarly regardless of the library type. The MODULE
library type is dissimilar in that it is generally not linked to -- it is not used in the right-hand-side of the command. It is a type which is loaded as a plugin using runtime techniques. If the library does not export any unmanaged symbols (e.g. Windows resource DLL, C++/CLI DLL), it is required that the library not be a SHARED
library because CMake expects SHARED
libraries to export at least one symbol.
在整个buildsystem定义的上下文中,特定的库是共享的还是静态的在很大程度上是无关的——不管库的类型如何,命令、依赖规范和其他API的工作方式都是相似的。MODULE
库类型的不同之处在于它通常不链接到—它不用于命令的右侧。它是一种使用运行时技术作为插件加载的类型。如果库不输出任何非托管符号(例如Windows资源DLL、C++ + CLI DLL),则要求库不是共享库,因为CMake 希望共享库至少导出一个符号。
add_library(archive MODULE 7z.cpp)
A SHARED
library may be marked with the target property to create an macOS or iOS Framework Bundle. A library with the FRAMEWORK
target property should also set the target property. This property is typically set to the value of "A" by macOS conventions. The MACOSX_FRAMEWORK_IDENTIFIER
sets CFBundleIdentifier
key and it uniquely identifies the bundle.
共享库可以用FRAMEWORK target属性标记以创建macOS或iOS框架包。具有FRAMEWORK target属性的库还应设置 target属性。此属性通常由macOS约定设置为值“A”。MACOSX_FRAMEWORK_IDENTIFIER
设置CFBundleIdentifier
键,它唯一地标识包。
add_library(MyFramework SHARED MyFramework.cpp)set_target_properties(MyFramework PROPERTIES FRAMEWORK TRUE FRAMEWORK_VERSION A # Version "A" is macOS convention MACOSX_FRAMEWORK_IDENTIFIER org.cmake.MyFramework)
The OBJECT
library type defines a non-archival collection of object files resulting from compiling the given source files. The object files collection may be used as source inputs to other targets by using the syntax $<TARGET_OBJECTS:name>
. This is a that can be used to supply the OBJECT
library content to other targets:
参考:
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